TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Douglas J. Casa: What happens when you get heat stroke?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa, ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire satte gmeas. Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed, got back up and then collapsed again on the final straightaway, with his body temperature at dangerous levels. He had suffered an exertional heat sokrte. Fortunately, with immediate and proper treatment, he suvverid the potentially fatal episode and has since helped save 167 people in silmiar circumstances. From ancient soldiers on the battlefield to modern day wrroairs on the gridiron, exertional heat stroke, or sunstroke, has long been a serious concern. And unlike classical heat stroke, which aftfecs vnualebrle people such as infants and the elerldy during heat waves, exertional heat stroke is caused by intense exercise in the heat, and is one of the top three killers of athletes and sielrdos in tinnarig. When you exercise, nearly 80% of the energy you use is transformed into heat. In normal circumstances, this is what's known as compensable heat stress. And your body can dissipate the heat as quickly as it's generated through cooling mdteohs like the evaporation of seawt. But with uncompensable heat stress, your body is unable to lose enough heat due to overexertion or high temperatures in hitumidy, which raises your core temperature beyond normal levels. This causes the proteins and cell membranes to denature, caniterg cells that no longer function properly and begin to leak their contents. If these leaky clels pfoarreltie through the body, the results can be devastating. Including liver damage, blood clot formation in the kidneys, damage to the gastrointestinal tract and even the failure of vital organs. So how do you diagnose an exertional heat stroke? The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40 degrees Celsius observed along with physical symptoms such as iercnaesd heart rate, low blood pusrrese and rapid breathing or signs of central nervous system disfunction such as confused behavior, agigeorssn or loss of consciousness. The most feasible and acatrcue way to assses core body temperature is with a rectal ttorheeemmr as other common temperature-taking methods are not accurate in these ccuenacirmsts. As far as tenaemrtt goes, the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second. Because the human body can withstand a core temperature above 40 degrees Celsius for about 30 minutes before cell damage sets in, it's essential to initiate ripad coonlig on site in order to lower it as quickly as possible. After any athletic or protective gear has been removed from the victim, place them in an ice water tub while stirring the water and monitoring vialts ctilsooununy. If this is not possible, doiunsg in ice water and applying wet towels over the eirnte body can help. But before you sratt anything, ermncgeey services should be called. As you wait, it's important to keep the victim calm while cooling as much surface area as possible until emergency personnel arrive. If medical sfatf are available on site, cooling should continue until a core temperature of 38.9 dgreees Celsius is reached. The sun is known for giving life, but it can also take life away if we're not cufearl, even affecting the strongest among us. As Dr. JJ Levick wrote of exertional heat stroke in 1859, "It stkries down its victim with his full armor on. Youth, health and strength oppose no oaltsbce to its peowr." But although this condition is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports, it has been 100% survivable with pproer care.

Open Cloze

In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa, ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire _____ _____. Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed, got back up and then collapsed again on the final straightaway, with his body temperature at dangerous levels. He had suffered an exertional heat ______. Fortunately, with immediate and proper treatment, he ________ the potentially fatal episode and has since helped save 167 people in _______ circumstances. From ancient soldiers on the battlefield to modern day ________ on the gridiron, exertional heat stroke, or sunstroke, has long been a serious concern. And unlike classical heat stroke, which _______ __________ people such as infants and the _______ during heat waves, exertional heat stroke is caused by intense exercise in the heat, and is one of the top three killers of athletes and ________ in ________. When you exercise, nearly 80% of the energy you use is transformed into heat. In normal circumstances, this is what's known as compensable heat stress. And your body can dissipate the heat as quickly as it's generated through cooling _______ like the evaporation of _____. But with uncompensable heat stress, your body is unable to lose enough heat due to overexertion or high temperatures in ________, which raises your core temperature beyond normal levels. This causes the proteins and cell membranes to denature, ________ cells that no longer function properly and begin to leak their contents. If these leaky _____ ___________ through the body, the results can be devastating. Including liver damage, blood clot formation in the kidneys, damage to the gastrointestinal tract and even the failure of vital organs. So how do you diagnose an exertional heat stroke? The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40 degrees Celsius observed along with physical symptoms such as _________ heart rate, low blood ________ and rapid breathing or signs of central nervous system disfunction such as confused behavior, __________ or loss of consciousness. The most feasible and ________ way to ______ core body temperature is with a rectal ___________ as other common temperature-taking methods are not accurate in these _____________. As far as _________ goes, the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second. Because the human body can withstand a core temperature above 40 degrees Celsius for about 30 minutes before cell damage sets in, it's essential to initiate _____ _______ on site in order to lower it as quickly as possible. After any athletic or protective gear has been removed from the victim, place them in an ice water tub while stirring the water and monitoring ______ ____________. If this is not possible, _______ in ice water and applying wet towels over the ______ body can help. But before you _____ anything, _________ services should be called. As you wait, it's important to keep the victim calm while cooling as much surface area as possible until emergency personnel arrive. If medical _____ are available on site, cooling should continue until a core temperature of 38.9 _______ Celsius is reached. The sun is known for giving life, but it can also take life away if we're not _______, even affecting the strongest among us. As Dr. JJ Levick wrote of exertional heat stroke in 1859, "It _______ down its victim with his full armor on. Youth, health and strength oppose no ________ to its _____." But although this condition is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports, it has been 100% survivable with ______ care.

Solution

elderly
continuously
vulnerable
circumstances
thermometer
creating
strikes
staff
start
games
rapid
dousing
careful
assess
cells
proliferate
emergency
affects
entire
aggression
vitals
training
soldiers
survived
obstacle
proper
stroke
treatment
similar
cooling
pressure
warriors
methods
sweat
accurate
increased
state
power
humidity
degrees

Original Text

In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa, ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire State Games. Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed, got back up and then collapsed again on the final straightaway, with his body temperature at dangerous levels. He had suffered an exertional heat stroke. Fortunately, with immediate and proper treatment, he survived the potentially fatal episode and has since helped save 167 people in similar circumstances. From ancient soldiers on the battlefield to modern day warriors on the gridiron, exertional heat stroke, or sunstroke, has long been a serious concern. And unlike classical heat stroke, which affects vulnerable people such as infants and the elderly during heat waves, exertional heat stroke is caused by intense exercise in the heat, and is one of the top three killers of athletes and soldiers in training. When you exercise, nearly 80% of the energy you use is transformed into heat. In normal circumstances, this is what's known as compensable heat stress. And your body can dissipate the heat as quickly as it's generated through cooling methods like the evaporation of sweat. But with uncompensable heat stress, your body is unable to lose enough heat due to overexertion or high temperatures in humidity, which raises your core temperature beyond normal levels. This causes the proteins and cell membranes to denature, creating cells that no longer function properly and begin to leak their contents. If these leaky cells proliferate through the body, the results can be devastating. Including liver damage, blood clot formation in the kidneys, damage to the gastrointestinal tract and even the failure of vital organs. So how do you diagnose an exertional heat stroke? The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40 degrees Celsius observed along with physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, low blood pressure and rapid breathing or signs of central nervous system disfunction such as confused behavior, aggression or loss of consciousness. The most feasible and accurate way to assess core body temperature is with a rectal thermometer as other common temperature-taking methods are not accurate in these circumstances. As far as treatment goes, the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second. Because the human body can withstand a core temperature above 40 degrees Celsius for about 30 minutes before cell damage sets in, it's essential to initiate rapid cooling on site in order to lower it as quickly as possible. After any athletic or protective gear has been removed from the victim, place them in an ice water tub while stirring the water and monitoring vitals continuously. If this is not possible, dousing in ice water and applying wet towels over the entire body can help. But before you start anything, emergency services should be called. As you wait, it's important to keep the victim calm while cooling as much surface area as possible until emergency personnel arrive. If medical staff are available on site, cooling should continue until a core temperature of 38.9 degrees Celsius is reached. The sun is known for giving life, but it can also take life away if we're not careful, even affecting the strongest among us. As Dr. JJ Levick wrote of exertional heat stroke in 1859, "It strikes down its victim with his full armor on. Youth, health and strength oppose no obstacle to its power." But although this condition is one of the top three leading causes of death in sports, it has been 100% survivable with proper care.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
exertional heat	5
body temperature	3
heat stroke	3
core temperature	3
degrees celsius	3
core body	2
ice water	2

ngrams of length 3

collocation	frequency
exertional heat stroke	3
core body temperature	2

Important Words

accurate
affecting
affects
aggression
ancient
applying
area
armor
arrive
assess
athletes
athletic
battlefield
behavior
blood
body
breathing
called
calm
care
careful
casa
caused
cell
cells
celsius
central
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circumstances
classical
clot
collapsed
common
compensable
concern
condition
confused
consciousness
contents
continue
continuously
cool
cooling
core
creating
criterion
damage
dangerous
day
death
degrees
denature
devastating
diagnose
disfunction
dissipate
douglas
dousing
dr
due
elderly
emergency
empire
energy
entire
episode
essential
evaporation
exercise
exertional
failure
fatal
feasible
final
formation
fortunately
full
function
games
gastrointestinal
gear
generated
giving
greater
gridiron
health
heart
heat
helped
high
human
humidity
ice
important
including
increased
infants
initiate
intense
jj
kidneys
killers
leading
leak
leaky
levels
levick
life
liver
long
longer
lose
loss
main
medical
membranes
meter
meters
methods
minutes
modern
monitoring
nervous
normal
observed
obstacle
oppose
order
organs
overexertion
people
personnel
physical
place
potentially
power
pressure
proliferate
proper
properly
protective
proteins
quickly
race
raises
ran
rapid
rate
reached
rectal
remember
removed
results
save
services
sets
signs
similar
site
soldiers
sports
staff
start
state
stirring
straightaway
strength
stress
strikes
stroke
strongest
suddenly
suffered
sun
sunstroke
surface
survivable
survived
sweat
symptoms
system
temperature
temperatures
thermometer
top
towels
track
tract
training
transformed
transport
treatment
tub
unable
uncompensable
victim
vital
vitals
vulnerable
wait
warriors
water
waves
wet
withstand
wrote
youth